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What is Succinic Acid?

Buffering

Succinic Acid is a buffer that holds the pH steady.

This ingredient is listed in CosIng, the EU's cosmetic ingredient database. CosIng lists what it's used for as: Buffering, Fragrance.

CosIng function classes are the EU's standard list of the jobs an ingredient does inside a product, such as moisturizing, emulsifying, or preserving.

Which products feature it?

19 of the 2320 products we've checked feature this as a key ingredient. Products that disclose a concentration or list it near the top of the ingredient list come first.

Showing 1 to 12.

  • Key: Succinic Acid (#5 on the ingredient list), Mandelic Acid, Brassica Oleracea Italica (Broccoli) Extract

    21 claims, summarized
    Only partly backed:
    a smoother skin texture
    Don't count on:
    less visible pores · better hydration · better barrier support
    Tests passed:
    skin irritation
    See each claim

    claims, checked

    • With big swab, every nook and crannyplausible, not tested
    • Bacteria, dead skin cells, pore impuritiespartly backed
    • PEELING COMPLEX 20%partly backed
    • Dimethyl sulfone (sulfur)partly backed
    • Just 1 use, just 1 minute care high-content peeling swabpartly backed
    • Smoothly glowing makeup-friendly skin completionpartly backed
    • Next-generation low-irritation peeling for sensitive skinpartly backed
    • 92.93% improvement in old dead skin cellspartly backed
    • 15.94% improvement in bumpy unevennesspartly backed
    • 16.82% improvement in rough skin texturepartly backed
    • 86.82% improvement in skin radiancepartly backed
    • Sensitive skin irritation test completedpartly backed
    • Skin irritation index 0.00partly backed
    • Pore environment improvement in 1 minuteoverstated
    • The peeling you used to get from experts, now enjoy it at home!overstated
    • Dead skin cells, sebum all-clear 1-minute home peelingoverstated
    • Next-generation low-irritation peeling with strong effect but reduced irritationoverstated
    • P-Acne strain antibacterialno supporting source found
    • Pore bacteria careno supporting source found
    • Helps normalize skin turnover cycleno supporting source found
    • Moisture barrier strengtheningno supporting source found
  • It's made for calmer, clearer-looking skin.

    Key: Succinic Acid (#7 on the ingredient list), Sulfur, Hesperidin

    12 claims, summarized
    Only partly backed:
    calmer skin · clearer-looking skin
    Don't count on:
    less visible pores
    Free of:
    the ingredients it lists
    See each claim

    claims, checked

    • * The above is limited to raw material propertiesbacked by evidence
    • Functional cosmetics review (report) required: Not applicablebacked by evidence
    • Individually packaged in a zipper pouch, use with peace of mind without worry about contamination.backed by evidence
    • Suitable for acne-prone skinplausible, not tested
    • Soothing effect before squeezingplausible, not tested
    • 3 DOWN via synergy of 3 ingredientspartly backed
    • 26.57% improvement in inflammatory lesionspartly backed
    • 11.96% improvement in non-inflammatory lesionspartly backed
    • 10.26% improvement in soothing skin damaged by troublepartly backed
    • Ultra-adhesive matte waterproof spot patch for trouble skin concern areaspartly backed
    • Cares for even irritated pores, skin pores improved by 20%overstated
    • 2025 First Half New Product Awardno supporting source found
  • It's made for a smoother skin texture.

    Key: Succinic Acid (#8 on the ingredient list), Salicylic Acid, Niacinamide 2%

    33 claims, summarized
    Only partly backed:
    a smoother skin texture
    Don't count on:
    clearer-looking skin · calmer skin
    Free of:
    the ingredients it lists
    See each claim

    claims, checked

    • Succinic acid ingredient organizes sebum and dead skin cells to keep skin cleanplausible, not tested
    • It is a refreshing water texture that reduces stickiness for acne-prone skin.plausible, not tested
    • High-performance water texture with optimal viscosity that reduces irritation and stickiness for sensitive acne-prone skinplausible, not tested
    • A non-sticky texture with a refreshing finishplausible, not tested
    • Low-irritation trouble care pad for trouble-prone skinpartly backed
    • Suitable for acne-prone skin, a pad dedicated to troublepartly backed
    • Functional pad suitable for acne-prone skinpartly backed
    • Contains high-content Succinic Acidpartly backed
    • Ingredient 5%partly backed
    • Trace care 2% Niacinamidepartly backed
    • The Red Succinic Acid Peeling Pad has low potential to cause comedones, making it suitable for use on acne-prone skin.partly backed
    • The Red Succinic Acid Peeling Pad was judged to be in the low-irritation product group based on human application test results.partly backed
    • No artificial colorants, no artificial fragrance addedpartly backed
    • FSC-certified eco-friendly paper and soy ink were used.partly backed
    • A daily soothing pad even sensitive skin can use every day without burdenoverstated
    • Instant trouble* improvement with just one sheet!overstated
    • The powerful and deep red efficacy of the succinic pad that retains succinic acid (Succinic Acid) in high concentrationoverstated
    • Succinic erasing system that melts sebum, dead skin cells and impuritiesoverstated
    • The succinic erasing system removes sebum, dead skin cells and impurities and powerfully soothes traces*overstated
    • Traces*, pigmentation, discoloration care that opens up the more consistently you use itoverstated
    • Sebum care, pore care, trouble soothingno supporting source found
    • Through analysis of various acne-prone skin types, it has proven definite effects as a representative cosmetic for acne-prone skin for 8 years.no supporting source found
    • Redline, overwhelmingly No. 1 in sales for acne-prone skin*no supporting source found
    • 100% product satisfaction over an actual 4 weeksno supporting source found
    • 97.8% removal of impuritiesno supporting source found
    • 69.8% reduction in sebum (oil)no supporting source found
    • 5% improvement in skin textureno supporting source found
    • 19.3% improvement in dead skin cell layer turnoverno supporting source found
    • 3.9% improvement in melanin pigment amountno supporting source found
    • 1.2% improvement in pigmentationno supporting source found
    • Spot care 1.4% Succinic Acid Salicylic acid Phyto-keratinaseno supporting source found
    • Soothing care 1.6% Meta cool Allantoin Panthenolno supporting source found
    • Dead skin cell care patented ingredient Phyto-Keratinaseno supporting source found
  • Key: Succinic Acid (#11 on the ingredient list), Niacinamide, Panthenol

    1 claim checked

    claims, checked

    • Trouble spot serum that can be used from spots to the entire faceplausible, not tested
  • It's made for a smoother skin texture and less visible pores.

    Key: Succinic Acid (#12 on the ingredient list), Salicylic Acid, Camellia Sinensis Leaf Extract

    29 claims, summarized
    Only partly backed:
    less visible pores · a smoother skin texture
    See each claim

    claims, checked

    • Contains Salicylic™ + Sebum Drop ingredientsbacked by evidence
    • Embo Cotton Dead Skin / Skin Impurities Clean Careplausible, not tested
    • Pore Triple* Crackdownpartly backed
    • #SebumAdsorption** #SmoothPores #BlackHolePadpartly backed
    • Charcoal-Containing Black Embo Padpartly backed
    • Pore Area / Depth / Volume too! Triple Pore Improvement**partly backed
    • Sebum Adsorption* Black Hole Pad Effective for Skin Impurity Carepartly backed
    • Low-Irritation Daily Padpartly backed
    • From Acne-Prone Skin to Sensitive Skin! Pore Master Padpartly backed
    • Human Application Test Completed for Suitability on Acne-Prone Skinpartly backed
    • Human Application Test Completed for Suitability on Sensitive Skinpartly backed
    • Forehead area 31.8% improvement in measured sebum amountpartly backed
    • Cheek area 33.6% improvement in measured sebum amountpartly backed
    • Chin area 27.1% improvement in measured sebum amountpartly backed
    • Reduction of impurities (sebum) in pores 15.46%partly backed
    • Pore volume improvement 42.0% (after 2 weeks of use)partly backed
    • Pore depth improvement 18.5% (after 2 weeks of use)partly backed
    • Pore area improvement 14.7% (after 2 weeks of use)partly backed
    • Skin texture improvement 5.26% immediately after usepartly backed
    • Yellow Sebum and Dark Blackheads OUToverstated
    • With Pore Fit Essence, Blackheads OUT Pores CLOSEoverstated
    • Contains Sebum Drop* ingredient, even sebum all gone!overstated
    • Satisfaction 100%* Everyone who has tried it was satisfied!no supporting source found
    • Plain Cotton Pore / Skin Texture Smooth Careno supporting source found
    • Black Embo Fabric Containing Charcoal*5% Without Pigmentno supporting source found
    • Blackhead reduction 31.1% after 2 weeks of useno supporting source found
    • #WipeForPoreCarenothing specific to check
    • Soft and Dense Embo Neatly Tidies Pores!nothing specific to check
    • #OilBlottingPaperPadnothing specific to check
  • It's made for better hydration and a smoother skin texture.

    Key: Succinic Acid (#12 on the ingredient list), Gluconolactone, Sedum Sarmentosum Extract

    6 claims, summarized
    You can expect:
    better hydration
    Only partly backed:
    a smoother skin texture
    Tests passed:
    hypoallergenic · skin irritation
    See each claim

    claims, checked

    • Contains 8 types of low- and high-molecular-weight hyaluronic acid and acetyl glutamine to supply dense moisture to the skin.backed by evidence
    • Biodegradable sheet containing cellulose.plausible, not tested
    • Rapid moisture care with one pad!partly backed
    • Gently care for dead skin cells every day with low-irritation peeling ingredients.partly backed
    • Worry-free care for sensitive skin & skin low-irritation test completed!partly backed
    • The moisture plant grown in pristine Jeju overcomes dryness and has such excellent moisture retention that it can grow on rocks.nothing specific to check
  • It's made for better hydration and less visible pores.

    Key: Succinic Acid (#13 on the ingredient list), Niacinamide, Panthenol

    1 claim, summarized
    Only partly backed:
    better hydration · less visible pores · firmer skin
    See each claim

    claims, checked

    • A skin toner that helps melt sebum inside pores to flush out impurities, and fills expanded pores with moisture and elasticity.partly backed
  • Key: Succinic Acid (#17 on the ingredient list), Kaolin, Coix Lacryma-Jobi Ma-yuen Seed Powder

    53 claims, summarized
    Only partly backed:
    a smoother skin texture (amount unknown) · better hydration
    Don't count on:
    less visible pores · firmer skin · less shine · calmer skin
    Tests passed:
    skin irritation
    See each claim

    claims, checked

    • Gluconolactone PHAbacked by evidence
    • Uneven texture improvementplausible, not tested
    • Sebum improvementplausible, not tested
    • Dead skin cell improvementplausible, not tested
    • Job's tears seed water provides moist hydration.plausible, not tested
    • Low-irritation dead skin cell removal with Job's tears seed powder.plausible, not tested
    • Just as the carbonation in carbonated drinks gradually fades over time, the bubbles applied to this product also have a volatile nature in air, so the degree of bubble generation may gradually decrease during use.plausible, not tested
    • The famous Job's tears pack recipe, captured in one jar!partly backed
    • Excellent Job's tears like this, filled to the brim in one jar!partly backed
    • Old sebum, dead skin cells, and pore impurities – sucked out and adsorbed.partly backed
    • Skin irritation test completed on sensitive skin – non-irritatingpartly backed
    • Rice bran water, rice extract, and rice powder are rich in vitamins and minerals to care for clear, bright skin, and rice powder acts as a low-irritation scrub.partly backed
    • As this is a volatile carbonated bubble formula, please be sure to understand the storage method.partly backed
    • Because these bubbles react upon contact with air, bubbles may form inside the container during production or distribution. The product is not spoiled, and its effects are the same, so please use it with confidence.partly backed
    • For the safest distribution of the high-carbonation formula, we use an airtight seal and an inner cap instead of a sealing sheet that could burst.partly backed
    • [3-Minute Texture Pack] A bubble pack that faithfully replicates the Job's tears pack recipe to tackle uneven texture.overstated
    • It applies gently onto the skin without irritation, and as time passes, the creamy formula transforms into a rich lather. These fine bubbles work deep into the pores, effectively lifting away impurities and excess sebum.overstated
    • The cause of uneven texture: hard sebum and dead skin cell clumps.overstated
    • Clean away sebum and dead skin cell clumps with fine bubbles that pop and penetrate!overstated
    • Cellology's first* developed Job's tears pack TO bubble!overstated
    • Bumpy uneven texture, actual improvement proven!overstated
    • The causes of uneven texture, sebum and dead skin cells, completely resolved.overstated
    • A bubble pack that implements the Job's tears pack recipe and tackles uneven texture in just 3 minutes.overstated
    • Only stale sebum and dead skin cells are drawn out! An absorbing pack with no worries even for sensitive skin.overstated
    • The Cellology Yulmu Toks Bubble Pack provides more effective skin care by using the original recipe of a well-known Yulmu pack. It features an exceptionally soft and moisturizing texture.overstated
    • Bumpy skin troubles, smooth in just 3 minutes!overstated
    • Bubbles penetrate deep into pores, thoroughly cleaning away accumulated sebum.overstated
    • A gentle scrub pack that even sensitive skin can use with confidence!overstated
    • Oat powder extract and oat kernel extract are rich in natural moisturizing factor-like components, preventing moisture evaporation and providing excellent moisturizing and soothing effects.overstated
    • The Cellology Yulmu Toks Bubble Pack features an exceptionally soft and moisturizing texture. Experience a new kind of wash-off pack that leaves your skin feeling refreshed, purified, and deeply cleansed.overstated
    • We found the answer to smooth, bump-free skin in Job's tears.no supporting source found
    • The outstanding skin improvement effects of Job's tears, documented in Dongui Bogam.no supporting source found
    • Coix seed (Job's tears) is good for skin beauty.no supporting source found
    • Job's tears that tackle uneven texture, introduced even on broadcast programs!no supporting source found
    • yulmu is good for trouble care!no supporting source found
    • Yeoncheon Job's tears from a pristine mountainous region.no supporting source found
    • We used well-ripened premium Job's tears grown in clean water, clear air, and fertile soil, with large day-night temperature differences, which set them apart from Job's tears from other regions.no supporting source found
    • Bumpy skin texture (unevenness) improvement 109%no supporting source found
    • Pore sebum improvement 149%no supporting source found
    • Dead skin cell improvement 157%no supporting source found
    • A 6-grain formula for grain cleansing, covering everything from moisture to skin texture.no supporting source found
    • Lactobacillus ferment lysate cares for sebum.no supporting source found
    • Sebum and dead skin cell cleansing power 100%no supporting source found
    • Skin smoothness after use 100%no supporting source found
    • 100% moistness without tightnessno supporting source found
    • A clear and moist finish with a 6-grain formulano supporting source found
    • Wheat sprout extract is rich in chlorophyll, promoting skin cell turnover and moisture retention.no supporting source found
    • Succinic acid AHAcontradicted by sources
    • A new-concept Job's tears tox bubble that makes uneven skin smooth!nothing specific to check
    • Just applying it is useless.nothing specific to check
    • Filled with the core of the Job's tears pack, but easier to use!nothing specific to check
    • Honey extract cares for skin texture.nothing specific to check
    • GRAIN FORMULA cares for moisture and skin texture simultaneously.nothing specific to check
  • It's made for better hydration.

    Key: Succinic Acid (#22 on the ingredient list), Sodium Cocoyl Glycinate, Sodium Lauroyl Glutamate

    21 claims, summarized
    Only partly backed:
    better hydration · better barrier support
    Tests passed:
    dermatologist check · skin irritation
    See each claim

    claims, checked

    • Plant-derived amino acid surfactantbacked by evidence
    • Maintaining the skin's pH balance completes comfortable skin without tightnessplausible, not tested
    • Chewy, abundant fresh cream foam, moist without tightness! All-in-one clean cleansing foam, large sizepartly backed
    • Clean cleansing with chewy, abundant foampartly backed
    • Fresh cream foam cleanly washes everything from makeup to impurities without skin tightness! Ceramide Moisture Cleansing Foampartly backed
    • 93% cleansing of makeup* after product usepartly backed
    • 94% cleansing of sunscreen after product usepartly backed
    • Maintains weakly acidic skinpartly backed
    • 56.1 before product use, 63.7 after 2 weeks of product use, 13.4% improvement (moisture measurement (A.U))partly backed
    • 19.7 before product use, 16.1 after 2 weeks of product use, 13.4% improvement (skin barrier (TEWL) measurement (g/m²h))partly backed
    • Suitable for use on sensitive skin DERMATOLOGISTST TESTED *Human application study on suitability for use on sensitive skin completedpartly backed
    • Skin irritation test completed DERMATOLOLOGIST TESTED **Skin irritation test completedpartly backed
    • Moist hydrating cleansing foam, 100% satisfactionoverstated
    • 100% cleansing poweroverstated
    • 100% oil and moisture balanceoverstated
    • 100% moistnessoverstated
    • 99% cleansing of fine dust after product useoverstated
    • 99% cleansing of impurities inside pores after product useoverstated
    • It contains 11 kinds of hyaluronic acid in different sizes, from ultra-low molecular weight to high molecular weight, so it finishes moist without tightness even after washing.overstated
    • It adds three skin barrier component ingredients to care for a skin barrier weakened by external irritation and keeps the skin moist for a long time.overstated
    • Mild deep cleansing ingredients, applying plant-derived ingredients to cleanse gently yet thoroughly.nothing specific to check
  • It's made for better hydration and calmer skin.

    Key: Succinic Acid (#25 on the ingredient list), Cutibacterium Granulosum Ferment Extract Filtrate 4.8%, Hyaluronic Acid

    38 claims, summarized
    Only partly backed:
    better hydration (amount unknown) · calmer skin (amount unknown) · less visible pores · clearer-looking skin
    Free of:
    10 listed ingredients
    Tests passed:
    non-comedogenic · skin irritation
    See each claim

    claims, checked

    • UIQ Biome Remedy™ Toner Padbacked by evidence
    • 1. After cleansing, use the gauze side to gently wipe the entire face, excluding the eye area, in the direction of the skin texture. 2. Flip the pad over and lightly refine the skin with the soft side. 3. After use, close the lid completely to seal it so the pad does not dry out.backed by evidence
    • For functional cosmetics, whether or not it has passed the review by the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety under the Cosmetics Act: Nbacked by evidence
    • ① Dense gauze side: After cleansing, cleanly wipe away remaining residue, impurities, and dead skin cells. ② Soft cotton side: Place on skin as a moisture pack with a smooth side holding moisture.backed by evidence
    • *Paraben, phenoxyethanol, polyacrylamide, synthetic pigments, fragrances, imidazolidinyl urea, triethanolamine, benzoic acid, benzyl alcohol, ethanolbacked by evidence
    • *Test subjects: 20 people / Test institution: Korea Skin Science Research Institutebacked by evidence
    • TEST 04 Skin irritation test completed. Test institution: Oracle Skin Clinical Trial Center Co., Ltd. / Test period: May 9, 2022 ~ May 11, 2022 / Test subjects: 31 peoplebacked by evidence
    • [UIQ Biome Remedy Toner Pad] was determined to be a "non-irritating substance" with a skin irritation index of "0.00" (Table 6).backed by evidence
    • HOW TO USE & TIP Gently sweep along the skin texture with the gauze side. Thoroughly wipe once more around the nose and chin where dead skin cells stand out. / Place the soft side on areas needing soothing and moisturizing like a pack, then remove after 3 minutes and pat lightly to absorb.backed by evidence
    • Care for skin texture smoothly with a pad full of moistureplausible, not tested
    • Biome Balance System. ReliefBiome™ #Calming #SkinMoisturizing / Succinic Acid #SebumPoreCare #DeadSkinRefinement / Panthenol #Calmingplausible, not tested
    • RECOMMEND For those who want to smooth out rough and flaky skin texture / For those whose skin often gets oily due to sebum / For those who want to quickly soothe sensitized skinplausible, not tested
    • Biome Remedy Toner Pad 70 pads, microbiome cosmetic, UIQ, REMEDYpartly backed
    • #BiodegradablePad #CalmingTextureCarePad #DermaFormula #MoisturizingPeeling #MildAcidicPadpartly backed
    • German Dermatest completed / Non-comedogenic test completed / Skin irritation test completedpartly backed
    • UIQ Biome Remedy™ line is a derma low-irritation soothing line developed for sensitive combination skin by combining the world's No. 1* microbiome company Genome & Company's technology and skin science to correct and care for the causes of sensitive skin through microbiomes. (*Based on global microbiome company corporate value as of August 2020)partly backed
    • point1 Because calming ingredients touch the skin directly. Generously filled with 180ml of large-capacity toner essence, soothing & moisturizing & peeling care all at once! Panthenol and allantoin meet ReliefBiome, UIQ's independently developed calming ingredient, to further boost the soothing effect. Meet the UIQ toner pad that refines skin texture while gently soothing sensitized skin.partly backed
    • point2 Because you can use it without skin irritation thanks to a soft dual pure cotton pad. 100% vegan pure cotton sheet packed with active ingredients! It adheres moistly to the skin with excellent absorption. Experience concentrated moisture supply and skin refining effects with a dual pad with different front and back sides.partly backed
    • point3 Because it keeps sensitive and rough skin healthy. With succinic acid that minimizes skin irritation at a mildly acidic pH similar to skin acidity, even sensitive skin, even sensitive skin can be cared for daily without burden.partly backed
    • NO Hwahae designated 20 caution ingredients / NO allergy-causing caution ingredients / NO Olive Young Clean Beauty 20 suspected harmful ingredients / OK Sephora Clean Beauty (CLEAN AT SEPHORA) / OK EWG Green grade [as of 2022.04] / OK mild-acidic 10-free* low-irritation fragrance-free safe formulapartly backed
    • KEY INGREDIENTS. RELIEFBIOME™ calming, skin moisturizing / PANTHENOL calming, strengthen moisturizing / SUCCINIC ACID sebum & pore care, dead skin removal / ALPHA-GLUCAN OLIGOSACCHARIDE reduces harmful bacteria, increases beneficial bacteria / CAPRYLOYLSALICYLIC ACID acne care (limited to ingredient characteristics)partly backed
    • #Smoothness It seems that white lifted dead skin cells on the skin have reduced 10% / #Cooling sensation It seems that skin temperature raised by heat drops quickly 26% / #Absorption 16%partly backed
    • Human application test completedpartly backed
    • TEST 01 Suitability for acne-prone skin (non-comedogenic) test completed. Test institution: Oracle Skin Clinical Trial Center Co., Ltd. / Test period: May 2, 2022 ~ May 31, 2022 / Test subjects: 22 peoplepartly backed
    • TEST 02 Soothing effect test from external (physical) irritation completed. Test institution: Maridiem Skin Science Institute Co., Ltd. / Test period: May 30, 2022 ~ June 3, 2022 / Test subjects: 20 peoplepartly backed
    • As a result of evaluating the soothing effect on human sensitive skin irritation caused by external (physical) stimulation of the 'UIQ Biome Remedy 3-item series', after one use of the product, significant improvement was shown compared to the untreated group in all evaluation items (transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and skin redness (a*value)).partly backed
    • TEST 03 German Dermatest completed. Test institution: Dermatest (Germany) / Test subjects: 30 peoplepartly backed
    • "excellent" (ORIGINAL EXCELLENT 2022 dermatest / dermatest-guarantee.com)partly backed
    • 03 Separate disposal after removing the label easily. The pad is biodegradable, so dispose of it as general waste after use. For the container, remove the label, remove the cap's packing, wash cleanly, and put it out for separate disposal.partly backed
    • With one toner pad, skin troubles such as moisturizing, soothing, excess sebum, dead skin, and dryness are swoosh-swept away!overstated
    • Immediately after use, 100% usage satisfaction*no supporting source found
    • 01 Biodegradable box. We selected an eco-friendly paper material using 100% sugarcane paper that is biodegraded by microorganisms. (Icon: 100% sugarcane · non-wood · biodegradable · recycled agricultural byproduct · unbleached product · fast regeneration · natural color · perfect duty)no supporting source found
    • 02 Box printed with soy ink. Printed with soybean oil for easy paper recycling, making it easy to separate paper and ink. (PRINTED WITH SOY INK stamp)no supporting source found
    • Swoosh-sweep away rough skin texture in one gonothing specific to check
    • Rocket solution for sensitive skin, Biome Remedy™ lineupnothing specific to check
    • point4 Because a derma formula recipe has been applied.nothing specific to check
    • Soothing texture care pad. Results of carefully evaluated usage satisfactionnothing specific to check
    • ECO-FRIENDLY PACKAGING Practice for naturenothing specific to check

Are the claims about it backed up?

We checked each claim that features this ingredient. Open the list below to see the result for each one.

See the results by claim
ResultClaims
plausible, not tested2 of 14
partly backed8 of 14
overstated2 of 14
no supporting source found1 of 14
contradicted by sources1 of 14

These are counts of claims, not products. One product can name the same ingredient in several claims, and we checked each one on its own.